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This is higher than the 10.6V for the unsmoothed supply. The RMS value of the output waveform is 12.0 V. Here Vpp ripple is 1.3V so Vrms for the ac wave is 1.3 / 3.46V = 0.375V (unsmoothed value was 5.4V) The rms value for a sawtooth wave is Vrms = Vpp / 2*sqrt(3) = Vpp / 3.46 The size of our ripple wave shown above is 1.3V pk-pk and NB: Adding a smoothing capacitor increases the average output voltage. This means the RMS value of the output wave is now much higher. The highest output voltage has fallen a bit but the lowest output voltage has gone from 0V to 11.6 Lets see how adding the capacitor changes this. We saw in the previous page that the rms value of our "dc" wave is roughly 10.6V The yellow line shows the output voltage from the previous unsmoothed supply with a 2A load Note also the addition of a switch and fuse in the live rail.Īs before all calculated figures apply to a 12V RMS voltage from the transformer.įor our calculations we will choose a 10mF (10,000uF) capacitor, and assume a load of 6 ohms,Ī transformer internal resistance of 0.5 ohms, and a rectifier voltage drop of 2V. to provide current when the output voltage drops.to increase the average output voltage, and.We can reduce this AC component by adding a capacitor, as shown here. We saw that the output from the transformer and rectifier was a DC voltage but it contains a large unwanted AC component.
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John Errington's tutorial on Power Supply Design Smoothing